Arizona Mining Association
t HomeNewsMiningPublicationsteachersFAQLinksContact Us t
 
t
t
t
Users

consumer
a user of goods and services

domestic
having to do with the home

industry
a branch of productive manufacturing; any large-scale business activity


Copper Mining and Production Processes

anode
a mold of blister copper; in an electrolytic cell, the positively-charged electrode toward which current flows

bench
a shelf in open pit mines

billet
a rectangular or cylindrical unfinished bar of metal

blasting
the operation of using explosives to break up ore bodies

brass
an alloy consisting essentially of copper and zinc in variable proportions

bronze
an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements

cake
a solid-shaped mass of copper resulting from the smelting process

cathode
in an electrolytic cell the negatively-charged electrode from which current flows; a flat plate of 99.99+% pure copper

concentrate
to increase in density or strength; copper ore that has been reduced in size and has had some of the impurities removed

copper ore body
a concentration of copper which can be extracted economically

copper reserves
identified copper deposits which can be economically, technologically, and legally extracted

electrorefining
process in which copper anodes are immersed in an acid solution with pure copper cathode starter sheets and to which an electric current is applied causing pure copper from the anodes to plate onto the copper cathode starter sheets

electrowinning
a process using electricity in which copper in an electrolyte solution is plated onto a starter sheet to form a pure copper cathode

engineer
a person whose job it is to put scientific knowledge to practical uses, i.e., chemical engineer, metallurgical engineer, mining engineer, etc.

excavation
a place in which earth has been dug hollowing it out

exploration
looking into closely, examining carefully, investigating an area to determine its value as an ore body

extraction
removing or separating metal from ore

fabrication
making a product from metal such as copper

flotation
the process of using chemicals, air, and movement to separate copper from its host rock

geologist
a scientist who studies the physical nature and history of the Earth including the structure and development of its crust, the composition of its interior, individual rock types, etc.

ingot
a bar of metal such as copper

leaching
the filtering of a mild acid solution through oxide ore to extract the copper

metallurgist
an expert in the science of metals, especially separating metals from their ores and preparing them for use

milling
the process of grinding sulfide ore to a powder-like consistency

native copper
naturally occurring pure copper, copper red in color, greenish, bluish, or tarnished if weathered

open-pit mining
the technique of exposing and removing large amounts of earth to obtain ore relatively near the Earth's surface

ore
rock with enough mineral content to make it profitable to mine

oxide ore
ore that has been exposed to oxygen by air, water, or both

process
a particular method of doing something generally involving a number of steps of operations

refining
freeing metal from impurities

smelting
melting ore so as to separate impurities from pure metal

sulfide ore
ore that has not been exposed to oxygen

wire rod
pure copper that has been heated, shaped, and pushed into a round length of metal approximately 3/4" in diameter, which is coiled and sold to companies that manufacture wire

t
Historic Mining Methods

alloys
mixtures of metal

Bronze Age
a phase of some human cultures, usually after the Stone Age and before the Iron Age characterized by bronze tools and weapons; this phase in the Old World spans 3500-100 BC

copper
a reddish-brown, ductile, malleable element (Cu) that is corrosion-resistant and an excellent conductor of electricity

flaking
a thin piece or layer split off or peeled off of something

flint

a fine-grained, hard siliceous rock, usually gray, that produces sparks when struck with steel and breaks into pieces with sharp cutting edges

Great Depression
a period in U.S. history from 1929 through the 1930's during which poor economic conditions contributed to business closures, failures in industry, and massive unemployment

grinding
crushing into bits or fine particles between two hard surfaces

Industrial Age
an economic period characterized by a marked acceleration in the output of industrial goods that correlated with the introduction of power-driven machinery into industry and consequently the decline of handwork and domestic production

mineral resource

an inorganic substance that occurs naturally and is of use to man

molybdenum
a very hard, lustrous, silver-white metallic element (Mo) used to strengthen metals

obsidian
a hard, usually dark-colored or black volcanic glass often used as a gemstone

outcrop
the emergence of a mineral from the Earth so as to be exposed on the surface

Stone Age
a period in human culture in which stone implements were used; the time of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods of the Old World

technology
the system by which a society provides its members with those things needed or desired


Economics and Copper

capital
wealth (money or property) owned or used in business, by a person, corporation, etc. capable of being used to produce more wealth; the net worth of a business; the face value of all stock issued or authorized by a corporation

commodity
basic items or staple products, as of agriculture or mining; anything bought or sold; any useful thing

consumption
the using up of goods and services, either by consumers or in the production of other goods

cyclic
recurring; moving in cycles

diversification
dividing (investments, liabilities, etc.) among different companies; expanding (a business, line of products, etc.) by increasing the variety of things produced or of operations undertaken

economic impact
the way in which the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services affects society

economics
the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth and with the various related problems of labor, finance, taxation, etc.

escalation
growing or increasing rapidly, often to the point of becoming unmanageable, as prices or wages

expenses
the amount of money needed to secure a benefit or bring about a result; a financial burden or outlay

fixed costs
an indirect cost that continues with little variation irrespective of the level of production

gross
consisting of an overall total income exclusive of deductions

infrastructure
the underlying foundation, especially the basic installations and facilities on which the continuance or growth of a community, state, etc. depends, as roads, schools, power plants, transportation and communication systems, etc.

market
the area of economic activity in which buyers and sellers come together and the forces of supply and demand affect prices

net
consisting of an amount remaining after the deduction of all charges (earnings)

profit
the excess of returns over expenditures in a transaction; the excess of the selling price of goods over their cost

supply and demand
the amount of a commodity available for purchase at a given price opposed to the desire for a commodity together with the ability to pay for it

world market
the supply and demand and the buying and selling of commodities throughout the world
t
 
Design by KavalleriCopyright © 2006 Arizona Mining Association. All rights reserved.