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Copper Formation

carbonate

a salt or ester of carbonic acid

cleavage
the tendency of rocks to break along a particular plane

continental drift
the movement of the large land masses on the earth

core
the incredibly hot, metallic center of the earth, probably liquid on the outside and solid on the inside

crust
solid skin of the earth, 3-32 miles (5-50 km) thick

element
any of more than 100 fundamental substances that consist of atoms of only one kind and that singly or in combination constitute all matter

fracture
the general appearance of a freshly broken surface of a mineral

geology
science dealing with the history of the earth and its life, especially that recorded in rocks

hydrous aluminum
phosphate turquoise, a copper mineral

igneous rock
rock that develops as molten magma and lava cool

lava
fluid rock that flows from a volcano or fissure in the earth's surface

luster
the appearance of the surface of a mineral as to its reflecting qualities

magma
molten rock material within the earth from which by cooling an igneous rock results

mantle
the layer of the earth's interior between the crust and the core

metamorphic rock
rock formed through heat and pressure during mountain building

mineral
solid mixture of chemicals that has a unique set of characteristics

outcrop
a coming out of bedrock or of an unconsolidated deposit to the surface of the ground; the part of a rock formation that appears at the surface of the ground

oxidized
combined with oxygen

plate tectonics
concept of the movement of the earth's crust against itself

property

a quality or trait belonging to an individual or thing; an attribute common to all members of a class

pyrite
a common mineral that consists of iron disulfides, has a pale brass-yellow color and metallic luster and is burned in making sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid

quartz
a mineral consisting of a silicon dioxide that occurs in colorless and transparent or colored hexagonal crystals and also in crystalline masses

rock cycle
interaction of heat, pressure, weathering, and erosion upon elements and minerals that causes rocks to build up and break down over time
t rock
groups of minerals that bind together through the influence of heat, pressure, and liquid

sedimentary rock

rock made up of rock particles and minerals cemented together with liquid and pressure or pressure alone

seismic activity
vibrations of the earth

silicate
a salt or ester derived from a silicic acid; especially any of numerous insoluble often complex metal salts that contain silicon and oxygen; constitute the largest class of minerals, used in building materials (as cement, bricks, and glass)

streak
the color of the fine powder of a mineral obtained by scratching or rubbing against a hard, white surface and constituting an important distinguishing characteristic

sulfide
a compound of sulfur analogous to an oxide or ether with sulfur in place of oxygen

variegated
having discrete markings of different colors

volcano
vent or opening (fissure) in the earth's crust through which molten material (magma) can pass to the surface


Copper Types

conductivity

the ability of copper to carry an electric current

corrosion resistance
the ability of copper to withstand the influence of outside forces, such as humidity and salt water, without breaking down

ductility

the ability of copper to be stretched

malleability

the ability of copper to bend


Copper Types

Azurite

soft, blue copper mineral closely related to and often found with malachite but containing less water, formed by the breakdown of chalcocite

Bornite

copper sulfide mineral, brittle, and metallic in appearance, a high grade of copper ore mined below the surface

Chalcocite

copper sulfide mineral opaque and dark lead gray to black in color, high grade ore of copper mined below the surface

Chalcopyrite

iron copper sulfide mineral brass yellow in color, primary copper ore mined below the surface

Chrysocolla
soft, copper silicate mineral, bluish green in color

Malachite
soft copper mineral, bright green with banded patterns formed by the breakdown of chalcocite

Native copper
naturally occurring pure copper, copper red in color, greenish, bluish, or tarnished if weathered

Turquoise
copper oxide mineral opaque and blue, bluish green or greenish gray in color
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